[Frequency of human papilloma virus genotypes among woman with genital lesions, in Sanandaj, Iran]

Background and Aim: genital wart is the most common sexually transmitted infection and its role in cervical cancer has been confirmed. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of human papillomavirus [HPV] and the frequency of its genotypes in the patients with genital lesions referring to the clinics in Sanandaj, Iran

Material and Method: this descriptive analytical study included 50 women with genital lesions referring to the clinics in Sanandaj City from February 2016 to February 2017. Biopsy samples were examined for four genotypes [HPV 16, 18 [high risk] and HPV 11, 6 [Low risk]] by PCR. Demographic information and risk factors were recorded in a questionnaire for every patient. Using spss v.20 software, data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Fischer test was used to investigate the relationship between the risk factors and HPV infection

Results: the results showed that 28 cases [56%] were HPV positive. Among the four genotypes of HPV, HPV 6 was the most frequent [32%], followed by the types of 18 [12%], 16 [6%] and 11 [2%]. Co-infection of HPV-16 and 18 were found in 2 cases [7.1%].The mean age of the patients with HPV infection was 34.07 +/- 8.7 years and the mean age of the first sexual contact was 21.22 +/- 4.8 years. No significant association was found between the risk factors and HPV infection [P> 0.05]

Conclusion: considering the high prevalence of HPV infection and its asymptomatic course in many cases, early detection and treatment of the genital warts, especially HPV16 and 18, can lead to prevention of cervical cancer

Toxoplasma infection in schizophrenia patients: a comparative study with control group

Schizophrenia is a serious, chronic, and often debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder. Its causes are still poorly understood. Besides genetic and non-genetic [environmental] factors are thought to be important as the cause of the structural and functional deficits that characterize schizophrenia. This study aimed to compare Toxoplasma gondii infection between schizophrenia patients and non-schizophrenia individuals as control group. A case-control study was designed in Tehran, Iran during 2009-2010. Sixty-two patients with schizophrenia and 62 non-schizophrenia volunteers were selected. To ascertain a possible relationship between T. gondii infection and schizophrenia, anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies were detected by indirect-ELISA. Data were statistically analyzed by chi- square at a confidence level of 99%. The sero-positivity rate among patients with schizophrenia [67.7%] was significantly higher than control group [37.1] [P <0. 01]. A significant correlation between Toxoplasma infection and schizophrenia might be expected

Acute skin toxicity in breast cancer patients receiving post-operative radiotherapy

Post-operative radiotherapy to the breast is a standard treatment for the management of breast cancer. Treatment-related skin toxicity will occur in many patients and usually develops two to three weeks into treatment and may persist for up to four weeks post therapy. Management of acute toxicity remains a challenge for oncology professionals because there is very limited evidence-based research that addresses interventions for the prevention and management of radiation skin damage. Forty breast cancer patients being treated with radiotherapy at Al Amal Hospital were evaluated for the frequency and the severity of acute skin reactions. Clinical skin evaluation was performed by the same Radiation Oncologist during weekly reviews and on the last day of treatment. Normal tissue damage was scored according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group side-effect scales. The most frequent acute complications were erythema and dry desquamation, although moist desquamation was a problem in high friction anatomical sites. The reactions were classified as severe [RTOG'2] in only one case. There was remarkable consistency in the assessment and documentation of patient education among nurses following the hospital's standard practice

[ effect of administration of anti-coccidial drugs on oocyst shedding and performance in experimental coccidiosis in broiler chickens]

Coccidiosis is one of the major parasitic diseases of poultry. In this study, to compare the effects of coccidiostatic drugs on fecal oocyst shedding and body weight gain of coccidi-infected broiler chickens, 180 one day old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four treatments. Each treatment contained 3 replicates of 15 chickens. Treatments 1 and 2 were fed diets supplemented with 200ppm Diclazuril and 500ppm Salinomycin, respectively. Treatments 3 and 4 were designated as positive and negative control, received no coccidiostate. Chickens in treatment 1, 2 and 3 were inoculated with a suspension containing four Eimeria species. Frequency of excreted oocyst obtained from feces samples during 7-13 days post -challenged was carried out. Body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality rate were evaluated weekly. The results revealed that coccidiostatic drugs decreased oocyst per gram of feces significantly in 7-13 days post inoculation [p<0.05]. The highest mean of body weight was related to negative control followed by chickens treated with Diclazuril. The lowest FCR was belonged to negative control followed by chickens treated with Diclazuril. It could be concluded that coccidiostate -supplemented diets in Eimeria infected groups shed less [P<0.05] oocyst than control-infected chickens and improved production performance in coccidian-infected broiler chicks

Assessing of mental health level of employed nurses in educational hospitals affiliated to Tehran Medical Sciences University

Attention to mental health is important in all aspects of life such as individual, social and occupational. Inattention to mental health is one of the most important factors in reduced productivity, be losed humanpower and develops physical and mental complications especially in professional services. Considering nurses role in health system and necessary for high motivation in work place to health security about this grand group and referral persons to them, we accomplished this research to studding of mental health nursing staff in educational hospitals affiliated to Tehran medical sciences university. This is a descriptive correlational and cross- sectional study, we performed on 200 nurses who were selected via probable multistage sampling. Data collecting tool were including demographic characteristics and General Health Questionnaire -28 [GHQ-28]. The findings regarding to level of mental health showed that 43% samples were symptomatic and 57% of them were asymptomatic. There was not significant correlation between mental health and demographic characteristics such as marital status, children numerous, economic satisfaction. But relationship between mental health and variables consisting of job history, overtime work and shift was significant. The mean score of menal health was 23/29 that in comparison with general population in Iran is high numeral. Nurses mental health to several causes toward other community people exposed to risk. The most important reasons that we could point for these findings, are job stressors identity, strain, exposing to disasters situations, shifts, organizational and individual factors